C02 Lasers: Different Types and Materials Used in the Process

Despite being the oldest form of gas lasers, CO2 lasers are still regarded as one of the most useful types of lasers.  It is also included in the list of the so-called versatile lasers because it is apparently useful in several applications and processes.  It is made out of a combination of different chemical components. 

Aside from carbon dioxide, helium and nitrogen are also present in the output.  The ratio of these three components is 9.5:13.5:77.  These three have different roles to play in the process.  It is in nitrogen where energy is absorbed before it ignites carbon dioxide.  As the CO2 produces laser, the nitrogen continues to ignite it.  The helium's role is seen through the heat transfer process.

Types of carbon dioxide lasers

The basic types of CO2 lasers are broken down into three.  First is the axial gas-flow which pumps the carbon dioxide, nitrogen and helium mixture from one end of the tube before it goes out to the other.  To make sure that the flow is maintained, carbon dioxide is pumped continuously into the tube.  The role of nitrogen and helium in the process is to enhance efficiency.  This CO2 laser's length may be reduced through the help of folded optical systems.

There is also a transverse gas-flow CO2 laser.  The gas flow for this process is done horizontally.  It is capable of producing higher power outputs from the higher tube pressure.  A third type known as the sealed tube is also available.  This one is similar to sealed helium and neon and sealed argon and krypton lasers.  There is no refilling made during the process.

Various construction materials for CO2 lasers

Besides these types are different construction materials to take note of.  Mirrors, for example make use of silicon, gold and molybdenum - all of which are coated.  For windows, germanium and zinc selenide are used in construction.  In some instances diamond may also be used in window or mirror production. 

Some of the optical elements produced were traditionally made out of sodium or potassium chloride.  Now, these materials are no longer used because despite its low cost, the output degrades quickly especially when moisture is present in the atmosphere.

Generally, CO2 lasers are used in cutting, heat treating, engraving and welding.  They are also important in the production of cardboards, fabric, paper, plastics, wood and ceramics.  Furthermore, they can be used in medical fields specifically in the world of dermatology.  Laser surgery, dermabrasion and skin resurfacing are few of the examples in this application.